Endemic plants of western ghats pdf

This book contains description of all forest trees in peninsular india and most of srilanka too. This unique ecosystem has been threatened by continuously. Endemic and threatened flowering plants of western ghats. The publication entitled endemic fish diversity of western ghats which is the outcome of the workshop would certainly serve as a handy reference material on the. The current paper is an attempt to study the conservation assessment of rare, endangered and threatened species ret of the southern western ghats. We provide a list of species that are likely to be threatened, yet are not listed. Media in category endemic fauna of the western ghats this category contains only the following file. The endangered purple frog was discovered in 2003 to be a living fossil. Endemic and threatened flowering plants of western ghats with. Native wild animals of indian subcontinent are great indian rhinoceros,critically endangered gharial, hoolock gibbon,ganga.

The range covers 60,000km 2 and forms the catchment area for a complex of river systems that drain almost 40% of india. The western ghats, also called a biodiversity hotspot, has a sizeable number of woody plant species as of now, that are found nowhere else in the world endemic. Forest trees of the western ghats authored by neginhal s. The entire western ghats is known for its biodiversity, richness and endemism of different species. To qualify as a hotspot, a region must meet two criteria.

Karnataka chikkamagaluru, dakshina kannada, hassan, kodagu, shivamogg a, kerala, tamil nadu. Horabagrus brachysoma and labeo dussumieri have already been perfected under natp by nbfgr along with one of its collaborating centres. This unlikely coincidence is probably because india and. Pycnonotus xantholaemus is not a species endemic to the western ghats. In order to accomplish this task, we i listed the threatened endemic trees and shrubs of the evergreen and semievergreen forests of the western ghats, on the basis of ramesh and pascal 1997 and the. Endemism and sexual systems in the evergreen tree flora of.

Plateaus in the study area harbour the largest number of endemic species, especially herbs. The western ghats are one of the worlds biodiversity hotspots with over 5,000 flowering plants, 9 mammals, 508 birds and 179 amphibian species. The study during 19972005 brought to light, many unknown uses of plants which are interesting has been collected by the author. Page says that around 65% 375400 species of the wet evergreen species of woody plants found in the western ghats, are endemic. Pdf endemic flowering plants of northern western ghats. A species is endangered when it is threatened with extinction. The plant is well known for its edible tubers and ornamental flowers. Travel through southern india in search of endangered and endemic species of the western ghats and kerala, home to tigers, elephants, wild dogs, sloth bear, birds as well as the vulnerable liontailed macaque, nilgiri tahr and nilgiri langur. The present paper deals with some rare and endemic plant ethnobotanical uses of eastern ghats. Owing to the most congenial climatic conditions, western ghats are endowed with rich assemblage of diverse plant species including many endemic taxa and qualifies as the only indian center, among the five distinct diversity hotspots of the genus impatiens l.

At least 325 globally threatened plant species occur there. Western ghats, being an important hotspot for many endemic species, are the targeted area for present investigation. This book is a valuable field guide for identifying forest trees in the western and eastern ghats, deccan plateau and mangroves in. Plants with an asterisk are listed in the iucn red list of threatened species. It is distributed in many isolated hill ranges across peninsular india. We utilize the geographic locations of 324 endemic plants species from himalaya, 217 from western ghats and 96 from indoburma collected under 1264, 1004 and 1114 plots respectively fig.

Endangered and endemic species of wild animals found only in india are asiatic lion in gir forest national park,sangai deer at keibul lamjao national park, nilgiri tahr and lion tailed macaque at western ghats of india. Endemic birds of the western ghats part 1 jlr explore. Kaveriappa department of applied botany, mangalore university, mangalagangothri, karnataka 574199, india. There have been reported 118 endemic flowering plants. Nesting season december to march general features endemic to the western ghats. Dec 09, 2014 the western ghats is part of the western ghatssri lanka biodiversity hotspot.

Analysis of threatened endemic trees of the western ghats of. Pdf check list of endemic flowering plants of western. A photographic guide to endemic woody plants of the. At least 325 globally threatened species occur here. It contains more than 30% of all indian plants, fish, herpetofauna, bird, and mammal species. This project covers prominent tree species and shrubs from 10 districts, located in western ghat regions of maharashtra, viz. A checklist of endemic flowering plant species of the northern western ghats sahyadri ranges of india is provided along with their iucn threatened category. Pdf endemic and threatened plants of western ghats. The iucn criteria include categories that determine whether a taxon is threatened, nonthreatened, extinct, poorly known. Flowering plants of the western ghats efloraofindia.

The western ghats is part of the western ghatssri lanka biodiversity hotspot. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats. Report on the extended distribution of two endemic plants. A few of the indigenous and exotic tree and plant species in the western ghats are the teak, jamun, cashew, hog plum, coral tree, jasmine, and crossandra. Rapid in vitro multiplication protocol for ceropegia. Western ghats endemic birds trip report, january 2020. Introduction the wet evergreen forests of the western ghats of india are one of the global biodiversity hotspots, being rich in biodiversity and endemic species myers et al. It is mostly covered with equatorial tropical evergreen forests. Report on the extended distribution of two endemic plants angiospermae in the central western ghats of karnataka, india. The western ghats also hosts many medicinal plants that are endemic to the area. The genus impatiens consists of about species, distributed in the tropical and. Received on 24 august 2000 accepted on 10 january 2001 431 abstract nearly a third of the endemic plant species of the western. Jan 30, 2020 it contains more than 30% of all indian plants, fish, herpetofauna, bird, and mammal species. Future of endemic flora of biodiversity hotspots in india.

There are 159 flowering plant taxa belonging to 81 genera and 31 families found to be strictly endemic to the sahyadri ranges. The first ever bubo birding tour was a great success, with excellent views of most of our target endemic birds of the western ghats, some fantastic places visited, great food, and lots of fun crosscultural discussion thanks to our mixed american, british and indian group. Species name common name common hindi name habitat details. Endemic and threatened flowering plants of western ghats with special reference to konkan region of maharashtra arun n. The north western ghats montane rain forests are one of two montane rain forest ecoregions. Some endemic species of western ghats leptocoma minima crimson backed sunbird habitat western ghats.

Pdf endemic impatiens balsaminaceae of western ghats. Apocynaceae is one of endemic and critically endangered plants of western ghats, india nayar and sastry 1987. Of the 3,300 species of flowering plants in the nilgiri biosphere reserve in southern india, 2 are endemic. Conservation assessment and management plan workshop report for endemic orchids of the western ghats 2001 4 the 1994 and 2000 iucn red list criteria were adopted as a tool to assess the endemic orchids of the western ghats. For instance, of the 280 woody endemic species found south.

Page says that around 65% 375400 species of the wet evergreen species of. A photographic guide to endemic woody plants of the western. Western ghats is a magnificent mountain range next only to himalayas and is a biological treasure trove with a high degree of endemism 11% to 78% and scenic beauty. Since time began, countless species have gone extinct from natural. Most of the endemic species have their distribution in the rainforests of these mountains.

There is only one biosphere reserve in the western ghats, the nilgiri biosphere reserve,which helps in conserving endemic and endangered species. To protect this biodiversity, several protected areas have been set aside. Sep 11, 2017 the western ghats, also called a biodiversity hotspot, has a sizeable number of woody plant species as of now, that are found nowhere else in the world endemic. Appropriate conservation strategies have to be implemented immediately to protect the fragile habitats of many such medicinal plants. Taxonomic group species endemic species endemism % plants 10,000 3,160 31. The western ghats, owing to its richness in biodiversity, nurtures more the 5,000 species of plants, 1,700 of which are endemic.

The western ghats cover five different states of india. In fact, there are several species that are endemic to this mountain range which include several species of plants, mammals, birds and insects. Only species with more than 15 occurrences are considered during the study. Status in the western ghats red list category red list criteria observations comments. Southern western ghats is the richest area in context to floristic composition with 1286 species of endemic taxa nayar, 1996. Western ghats, iucn 2006 published a checklist of rare and threatened plants of indian region. Endemic fauna of the western ghats wikimedia commons. Endemism, evergreen forest trees, india, sexual systems, western ghats.

Though the western ghats account for only a small percentage of area of the country, it harbours an extremely diverse biodiversity. Of the 7,402 species of flowering plants occurring in the western ghats, 5,588 species are native or indigenous and 376 are exotics naturalised. Rapid in vitro multiplication protocol for ceropegia noorjahaniae ans. Analysis of threatened endemic trees of the western ghats. Freshwater aquatic plants of the western ghats checklist. Germplasm collection and conservation of this endemic flora was done and as a result thirteen endemic species and many rare and endangered species had been collected and conserved at the national gene bank. Among the indigenous species, 2,253 species are endemic to india and of them, 1,273 species are exclusively confined to the western ghats. The amphibians of the western ghats are diverse and unique, with more than 80% of the 179 amphibian species being endemic to the region. Endemic wildlife of kerala and the western ghats natural. The information on few of the endemic species is gathered and a region specific list is given below. Other threats to biodiversity and forest integrity include mining, the construction of roads and. Floristic works are generally delimited by political boundaries but this work has broadly covered the flowering plants of the western ghats for the first time.

The wet evergreen forests at high, medium and low elevations in the western ghats house a. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats of maharashtra is a university grant commission, new delhi, funded project ugc reference no. The mountains of the western ghats are the second most important shelter in the world for threatened species. The western ghats, host numerous areas with unique biodiversity and play a key role in the peninsulas hydrology but for stunning landscapes one of my favorite places is the confluence of ranges and their cliffs and valleys that surround the small hamlet of kurangani. List of endemic plants in the nilgiri biosphere reserve. Hill forts of northern western ghats offer an interesting mix of manmade and natural habitats and as a result shelter a great diversity of endemic and threatened plants. Endemic flowering plants of northern western ghats sahyadri ranges of india. Identifying such trees on your next trek in the ghats could be easier if you carry along the new endemic woody plants of the western ghats. Ethnobotanical studies on some rare and endemic floristic. Leptocoma minima crimson backed sunbird habitat western ghats.

S retd this book contains description of all forest trees in peninsular india and most of srilanka too. Strict protection of certain areas and selective interference for strategic reasons on hill forts are responsible for maintenance of large protected populations of local endemic species. Many species are endemic in the western ghats, such as nilgiri tahr hemitragus hylocrius and liontailed macaque macaca silenus 50% of indias amphibians and 67% of fish species are endemic in the region of western ghats. The western ghats endemic birds are the most beautiful malabar parakeet, nilgiri woodpigeon, malabar grey horn bill, greyheaded bulbul, nilgiri flycatcher and other giant flying predators. As usual, all logistics were impeccably arranged by asian adventures. A photographic guide authored by plant ecologist navendu.

This book is a valuable field guide for identifying forest trees in the western and eastern ghats, deccan plateau and mangroves in southern india. The malabar parakeet one of the most beautiful bird is endemic to western ghats and palani hills is the best place to see this beautiful bird of western india. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats of. Status in the western ghats red list category red list criteria. The western ghats region of india is centered on a range of mountains that runs along the west coast. Endemic medicinal plants of western ghats their collection. Introduction there is an international effort to identify species that face extinction in order to make conservation efforts more ef. The reserve encompasses portions of the western ghats and nilgiri hills in the states of karnataka, kerala, and tamil nadu. Although the area accounts for less than 6 percent of the national land area, it contains more than 30 percent of all plant, fish, herpetofauna, bird and mammal species found in the country. Rare, endangered and threatened ret climbers of southern.